What material is commonly used to manufacture most rifle and pistol cartridge cases?

Brass is the most commonly used material for manufacturing rifle and pistol cartridge cases primarily due to its excellent properties. Brass is an alloy primarily composed of copper and zinc, which provides a combination of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. These characteristics make brass an ideal choice for cartridge cases, as it can withstand the high pressures generated during firing while maintaining structural integrity.

The malleability of brass allows it to be formed into precise shapes needed for cartridge cases without cracking or breaking. Additionally, brass has a lower coefficient of friction, which helps in smooth feeding and extraction of cartridges from firearms, improving reliability during operation. It also provides good sealing between the case and the chamber, which helps contain gases and contributes to safer firing.

Other materials, while used in some applications, do not offer the same range of benefits for cartridge cases. For instance, aluminum is lighter but lacks the strength and durability required for repeated firings. Steel, while strong and resistant to deformation, can be prone to corrosion and is generally heavier, which may not be as desirable. Copper is primarily used in bullet production rather than cases, as its softness makes it unsuitable for the structural requirements of a cartridge case.